真题词汇学习

dreadful

[ˈdredfl]

adj. 糟糕透顶的;讨厌的

例句

  • I must apologize for the dreadful mistake I made. 我为我所犯的严重错误深表歉意。
  • The weather was dreadful. 天气糟透了。
  • What a dreadful waste of money! 真是可怕的浪费金钱!

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • dreadful mistake:严重的错误
  • dreadful weather:糟糕的天气
  • dreadful news:可怕的消息
  • dreadful conditions:恶劣的条件

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • terrible
  • awful
  • horrible
  • frightful
  • appalling

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • wonderful
  • excellent
  • great

handicap

[ˈhændɪkæp]

n. 残疾

例句

  • Despite his handicap, he managed to become a successful athlete. 尽管有残疾,他还是成功地成为一名运动员。
  • Visual handicap can limit a person’s mobility. 视力障碍会限制一个人的行动能力。

n. 不利条件;障碍

例句

  • Lack of experience was a serious handicap for him. 缺乏经验对他来说是一个严重的障碍。
  • His shyness is a handicap in his job. 他的害羞是他工作中的一个不利因素。

v. 妨碍;使不利

例句

  • His career was handicapped by his poor health. 他的事业因健康不佳而受到阻碍。
  • The bad weather handicapped our progress. 恶劣的天气阻碍了我们的进展。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • physical handicap:身体残疾
  • mental handicap:智力障碍
  • overcome a handicap:克服障碍/残疾
  • handicap sb./sth.:阻碍某人/某事

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • n. (残疾): disability, impairment
  • n. (不利条件): disadvantage, hindrance, obstacle, barrier
  • v. : hinder, impede, hamper, obstruct

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • n. (有利条件): advantage, benefit
  • v. : aid, assist, facilitate, promote

parallel

/ˈpærəlel/

adj. 平行的;并行的;类似的

释义

  1. (指两条或多条线、边、面)彼此之间在任何一点上都保持相等距离,永不相交。
  2. (指事物、事件或情况)与另一个事物、事件或情况同时发生或以类似方式发展。
  3. (指计算机系统或过程)可以同时执行多个操作。

例句

  • The road runs parallel to the river. 这条路与河流平行。
  • We explored two parallel theories. 我们探讨了两种并行的理论。
  • The company’s growth was parallel to the expansion of the market. 公司的增长与市场扩张并行。

n. 平行线;相似物;对应物

释义

  1. 两条或多条彼此平行的线。
  2. 与某事物相似或相对应的事物;可与之相比拟的事物。

例句

  • Draw two parallels across the page. 在纸上画两条平行线。
  • There is no parallel to his genius. 他的才华无与伦比。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • parallel lines: 平行线
  • parallel bars: (体操)双杠
  • parallel parking: 平行泊车
  • parallel universe: 平行宇宙
  • in parallel: 并行地,同时地
  • draw a parallel between A and B: 比较 A 和 B 的相似之处

拓展词汇

unparalleled

/ʌnˈpærəleld/

adj. 无比的;空前的;独一无二的

释义:指某事物非常卓越,以至于没有其他事物可以与之相比拟或超越。

例句

  • The team achieved an unparalleled success this season. 这支队伍本赛季取得了空前的成功。
  • Her beauty was unparalleled. 她的美貌是无与伦比的。

同义词 (Synonyms for unparalleled)

  • unmatched
  • unrivaled
  • unprecedented
  • unequaled
  • matchless
  • peerless

prove

/pruːv/

vt. 证明;证实

释义:提供证据或论据来表明某事是真实的、正确的或存在的。

例句

  • The experiment proved his theory. 这个实验证明了他的理论。
  • Can you prove your innocence? 你能证明你的清白吗?
  • The DNA test proved that he was the father. DNA 检测证明他是孩子的父亲。

vi. 结果是;最终证实是

释义:指某事最终被发现或证实是某种情况或结果。

例句

  • The new strategy proved to be a great success. 新策略最终被证明是巨大的成功。
  • Their fears proved unfounded. 他们的担忧最终证实是毫无根据的。

vi. 系动词:呈现出……的性质;被证实是

释义:当 prove 作系动词时,其后接形容词、名词或不定式,表示“最终被证明是……”、“结果是……”、或“原来是……”。其用法与 become, taste, sound, look, smell, feel 等系动词类似,即连接主语和表语,表语说明主语的性质或状态。

结构Subject + prove + adj./noun/(to be) + adj./noun

例句

  • The task proved difficult. 这项任务被证明是困难的。
    • difficult 是形容词作表语,修饰 The task
  • His prediction proved correct. 他的预言被证实是正确的。
    • correct 是形容词作表语,修饰 His prediction
  • The new system proved a disaster. 新系统结果是一场灾难。
    • a disaster 是名词作表语,修饰 The new system
  • The medicine proved (to be) very effective. 这种药被证明非常有效。
    • to be 可省略,effective 是形容词作表语,修饰 The medicine
  • Her suspicion proved (to be) true. 她的怀疑被证实是真的。
    • true 是形容词作表语,修饰 Her suspicion

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • prove valuable/useful/effective/successful (被证明有价值/有用/有效/成功)
  • prove difficult/impossible (被证明困难/不可能)
  • prove innocent/guilty (被证明清白/有罪)
  • prove a point (证明一个观点)
  • prove oneself (证明自己的能力)

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • 证实confirm, verify, substantiate, establish
  • 结果是turn out (to be), emerge (as)

shrink

/ʃrɪŋk/

vi. 消退,消散;(尤指衣物在洗涤后)缩水;(数量、尺寸、价值)减少,缩小

例句

  • My sweater shrunk in the wash. 我的毛衣洗后缩水了。
  • The company’s profits have shrunk by 10% this year. 公司今年的利润缩减了 10%。
  • Her confidence shrank with each failure. 她的信心随着每一次失败而消退。

n. 心理医生(尤指精神病医生或心理学家)

例句

  • I think I need to see a shrink. 我想我需要去看心理医生了。
  • He’s been seeing a shrink for his anxiety issues. 他一直在看心理医生治疗焦虑症。

拓展:过去式与过去分词

  • 过去式 (Past Tense): shrank
  • 过去分词 (Past Participle): shrunkshrunken (作为形容词时常用 shrunken)

例句

  • His face was shrunken and pale. 他的脸又瘦又苍白。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • shrink from: 回避,退缩(尤指因为恐惧或厌恶)
  • shrink back: 退缩,畏缩
  • shrink away: 畏缩,退缩

例句

  • He would never shrink from his responsibilities. 他从不回避自己的责任。
  • She shrank back in fear when she saw the dog. 她看到那条狗时害怕地退缩了。

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • decrease (减少)
  • diminish (减小,削弱)
  • contract (收缩)
  • recede (消退)

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • expand (膨胀,扩大)
  • grow (增长)
  • enlarge (放大)

yield

/jiːld/

v. (动词) 产生;屈服;放弃;让步

释义 1:产出,产生(作物、利润等) 例句

  • The investigation yielded some unexpected results. 这项调查产生了一些意想不到的结果。
  • Rich soil can yield a good harvest. 肥沃的土壤能带来好收成。

释义 2:屈服,让步于 (常与 to 连用) 例句

  • After a long negotiation, he finally yielded to their demands. 经过长时间的谈判,他最终向他们的要求作出了让步。
  • I yield to your superior knowledge in this matter. 在这件事上,我承认你比我懂得多。

释义 3:(交通) 让行 例句

  • Drivers must yield to pedestrians in the crosswalk. 司机在人行横道前必须给行人让行。

n. (名词) 产量;收益

例句

  • The average crop yield has increased significantly this year. 今年的农作物平均产量大幅增加。
  • This investment provides a high annual yield. 这项投资提供很高的年收益率。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • yield to pressure/demands: 屈服于压力/要求
  • yield results/benefits: 产生结果/带来好处
  • a high/low financial yield: 高/低金融收益率
  • crop yield: 农作物产量
  • yield the right-of-way: (交通)让行

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • v. (产生): produce, generate, provide
  • v. (屈服): surrender, submit, give in, capitulate
  • n. (产量/收益): output, harvest, return, profit

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • v. (屈服): resist, withstand, oppose, defy

mature

/məˈtʃʊr/, /məˈtʊr/

adj. 成熟的;长大的;(计划、想法)周密的

例句

  • He is very mature for his age. 他和他这个年纪的孩子比起来非常成熟。
  • The fruit is not yet mature enough to eat. 这种水果还没熟到可以吃的程度。
  • It was a very mature decision to make. 这是一个非常成熟的决定。

v. 成熟;(票据等)到期

例句

  • The project will mature over the next two years. 这个项目将在未来两年内成熟。
  • The bonds mature in 2025. 这些债券于 2025 年到期。

拓展内容

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • become mature: 变得成熟
  • mature quickly/slowly: 快速/缓慢成熟
  • a mature decision/attitude: 成熟的决定/态度

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • (adj. 成熟的): adult, grown-up, developed, ripe (for fruit)
  • (v. 成熟): ripen, develop, grow up

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • (adj. 成熟的): immature, childish, unripe (for fruit)

mortal

/ˈmɔːrtl/

adj. 终有一死的;凡人的;致命的

例句

  • All mortal beings must eventually die. 所有凡人终将一死。
  • He suffered a mortal wound in the battle. 他在战斗中受了致命伤。

n. 凡人;人类

例句

  • We are just mortals, after all. 毕竟,我们只是凡人。
  • The gods interacted with mortals in ancient myths. 在古代神话中,神与凡人互动。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • immortal adj. 不朽的;永生的
    • The human soul is said to be immortal. 据说人类的灵魂是不朽的。
  • mortality n. 死亡率;必死性;凡人
    • The mortality rate for this disease is very high. 这种疾病的死亡率非常高。
    • She was constantly aware of her own mortality. 她不断地意识到自己的必死性。
  • mortally adv. 致命地;极度地
    • He was mortally wounded in the duel. 他在决斗中受了致命伤。
    • She was mortally offended by his remarks. 她被他的话极度冒犯。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • mortal enemy: 死敌
  • mortal sin: 弥天大罪(宗教)
  • mortal fear: 极度的恐惧
  • mortal remains: 遗骸(委婉语)

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • 终有一死的/凡人的: human, earthly, transient
  • 致命的: fatal, deadly, lethal

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • 终有一死的/凡人的: immortal, divine
  • 致命的: harmless, non-lethal

excess

/ɪkˈses/

n. 过量;超越;过剩

例句

  • An excess of enthusiasm is not always a good thing. 过分热情未必是一件好事。
  • We had an excess of food, so we gave some away. 我们食物过剩,所以分出去了一些。

adj. 额外的;超量的(此为口语用法,通常放在名词前)

例句

  • You’ll be charged for excess baggage. 你的超重行李需要额外付费。
  • Please remove any excess packaging. 请移除多余的包装。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • excessive adj. 过度的;极度的
    • The cost of the project was excessive. 这个项目的成本过高。
    • Excessive drinking can damage your liver. 过量饮酒会损害你的肝脏。
  • exceed v. 超越;胜过;超出(数量、限制等)
    • His performance exceeded all expectations. 他的表现超出了所有人的预期。
    • Do not exceed the recommended dose. 不要超过建议的剂量。
  • excessively adv. 过度地;极度地
    • He behaves excessively rudely. 他表现得过于粗鲁。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • in excess of: 超过…
  • to excess: 过度地
  • excess weight: 超重
  • excess fat: 多余的脂肪
  • excess heat: 余热

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • surplus n. 剩余;过剩
  • redundancy n. 冗余;多余
  • superfluity n. 过剩;奢侈品 (formal)

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • deficiency n. 不足;缺陷
  • shortage n. 短缺
  • lack n. 缺乏

fertile

[ˈfɜːrtaɪl]

adj. 肥沃的;多产的

释义:指土地能够产出大量的农作物;或指动物、植物能够大量繁殖。 例句

  • The fertile land in this region yields abundant harvests. 这个地区肥沃的土地带来了丰收。
  • Rabbits are known for being highly fertile animals. 兔子以其高繁殖力而闻名。

adj. (形容人)能生育的

释义:指人具有生育能力。 例句

  • Doctors conducted tests to determine if the couple was fertile. 医生进行了检查以确定这对夫妇是否具有生育能力。
  • Many couples seek medical advice when they are having difficulty becoming fertile. 许多夫妇在难以生育时会寻求医疗建议。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • fertility n. 肥沃;繁殖力;生育能力
    • The fertility of the soil is crucial for agriculture. 土壤的肥沃度对农业至关重要。
    • Age can affect a woman’s fertility. 年龄会影响女性的生育能力。
  • fertilize v. 施肥;使受精
    • Farmers fertilize their fields to improve crop yields. 农民给他们的田地施肥以提高作物产量。
    • Bees help to fertilize plants. 蜜蜂有助于植物授粉。
  • fertilizer n. 肥料
    • Organic fertilizer is preferred by many gardeners. 许多园丁更喜欢有机肥料。

Mediocrity

[ˌmiːdiˈɒkrəti]

n. 平庸;普通

例句

  • He was tired of the mediocrity of his life. 他厌倦了平庸的生活。
  • The play was a work of mediocrity. 那出戏是平庸之作。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • mediocre adj. 平庸的;普通的;中等的
    • His performance was mediocre at best. 他的表现充其量只是平庸。

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • ordinariness
  • commonplaceness
  • average
  • unremarkableness

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • excellence
  • superiority
  • distinction
  • brilliance

Ignorant

[ˈɪɡnərənt]

adj. 无知的;愚昧的

例句

  • He is ignorant of the fact that his actions are causing trouble. 他不知道他的行为正在制造麻烦。
  • Many people are surprisingly ignorant about history. 很多人对历史的无知程度令人吃惊。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • be ignorant of sth: 对某事一无所知/不了解
    • She was completely ignorant of the local customs. 她对当地习俗完全不了解。
  • remain ignorant: 仍然一无所知
    • He chose to remain ignorant of the true situation. 他选择对真实情况一无所知。
  • willfully ignorant: 故意无知
    • Some people are willfully ignorant of the facts. 有些人是故意无视事实的。

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • unaware: 没有意识到的;不知道的
  • uninformed: 缺乏信息的;不了解的
  • illiterate (指某方面知识): (在某方面)无知的;不学无术的

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • knowledgeable: 知识渊博的;有见识的
  • aware: 意识到的;知道的
  • informed: 了解情况的;有见识的

farfetched

[ˌfɑːrˈfetʃt]

adj. 牵强的;异想天开的;不切实际的

例句

  • The plot of the movie was so farfetched that it was hard to believe. 这部电影的剧情如此牵强,令人难以置信。
  • His excuse for being late sounded a bit farfetched to me. 他迟到的借口在我听来有点牵强。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • farfetch v. 牵强附会地提出;勉强想出(不常用)
    • He farfetched a reason for their failure. 他勉强找出了他们失败的一个理由。

merits

[ˈmerɪts]

n. 优点;价值;长处

例句

  • The plan has many merits. 这项计划有很多优点。
  • We will consider the merits of each proposal. 我们将考虑每项提案的价值。
  • You should judge the case on its merits, not on your personal feelings. 你应该根据案件本身的是非曲直来判断,而不是基于个人感情。

v. 值得;应得

例句

  • His work merits praise. 他的工作值得称赞。
  • The suggestion merits serious consideration. 这项建议值得认真考虑。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • meritorious adj. 值得称赞的;有功的
    • Her meritorious service was recognized by the award. 她有功的服务得到了奖项的认可。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • on its merits: 根据其本身的价值/优点
  • merit consideration: 值得考虑
  • merit attention: 值得注意
  • merit praise/reward: 值得表扬/奖励

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • n. advantage, excellence, virtue, worth, strength, good point
  • v. deserve, earn, warrant

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • n. demerit, disadvantage, flaw, weakness, fault

Produce

v. 生产;制造;出产

例句

  • The factory produces thousands of cars every year. 这家工厂每年生产数千辆汽车。
  • This region produces some of the best wine in the world. 这个地区出产世界上一些最好的葡萄酒。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • product n. 产品;产物
    • The company launched a new product last month. 这家公司上个月推出了一款新产品。
    • His decision was a product of careful consideration. 他的决定是深思熟虑的结果。
  • production n. 生产;制作;产量
    • Car production has increased this quarter. 本季度汽车产量有所增加。
    • The production of the play took several months. 这部剧的制作花费了数月。
  • productive adj. 富有成效的;多产的
    • We had a very productive meeting today. 我们今天开了一个非常有成效的会议。
    • The land is highly productive, yielding two crops a year. 这块土地非常肥沃,一年可收两季作物。
  • productivity n. 生产力;生产率
    • The company is investing in new technology to improve productivity. 该公司正在投资新技术以提高生产力。
    • Employee productivity has increased significantly. 员工生产力显著提高。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • produce goods/services (生产商品/服务)
  • produce evidence (提供证据)
  • produce a result (产生结果)
  • produce a play/movie (制作戏剧/电影)

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • create (创造)
  • manufacture (制造)
  • make (制作)
  • yield (出产;产生)

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • consume (消费)
  • destroy (摧毁)

deem

[diːm]

v. 认为;视作

例句

  • The project was deemed a success. 这个项目被认为是成功的。
  • They will deem it a privilege to attend. 他们会认为能参加是他们的荣幸。
  • We deem it advisable to take no action at present. 我们认为目前不采取行动是明智的。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • deemphasize v. 降低…的重要性;不予强调
    • The report deemphasized the negative aspects. 该报告淡化了负面因素。

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • consider: 认为;考虑
  • regard: 认为;看待
  • judge: 判断;认为

odd

adj. 奇怪;奇数的

例句

  • She’s a very odd person. 她是个很奇怪的人。
  • The number seven is an odd number. 数字七是个奇数。

n. 可能性;机会

例句

  • The odds are that she’ll win. 她很可能会赢。
  • The odds are in our favor. 胜算在我们这边。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • against all odds: 尽管困难重重;排除万难
    • They won the game against all odds. 他们排除万难赢得了比赛。
  • the odds are: 很可能
    • The odds are it will rain tomorrow. 明天很可能会下雨。

hypocrisy

[hɪˈpɒkrəsi]

n. 虚伪;伪善

例句

  • He was accused of hypocrisy for claiming to be an environmentalist while driving a gas-guzzling SUV. 他被指责为伪君子,因为他声称自己是环保主义者,却开着一辆耗油的 SUV。
  • Her speech was full of moral platitudes, but her actions revealed the true hypocrisy of her character. 她的演讲充满了道德陈词滥调,但她的行为揭示了她性格中真正的虚伪。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • hypocrite n. 伪君子;伪善者
    • Don’t be a hypocrite – if you believe in something, act on it. 不要做伪君子——如果你相信某事,就付诸行动。
  • hypocritical adj. 虚伪的;伪善的
    • It’s hypocritical to criticize others for something you do yourself. 批评别人做你自己在做的事情是虚伪的。
    • His hypocritical remarks angered many people. 他虚伪的言论激怒了许多人。

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • insincerity (不真诚)
  • phoniness (虚假)
  • pretense (做作;假装)
  • duplicity (口是心非;两面派)

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • sincerity (真诚)
  • honesty (诚实)
  • authenticity (真实性)
  • genuineness (真实)

lest

[lest]

conj. 以免;唯恐

例句

  • He was afraid to speak lest he should make a mistake. 他不敢说话,唯恐出错。
  • She pulled the blanket over the baby lest he should catch a cold. 她给宝宝盖上毯子,以免他感冒。
  • I will not tell you again, lest you forget it. 我不会再告诉你了,以免你忘记。

语法解析

lest 引导的从句通常用于表达主句行为所避免的某种可能性或结果。其后通常接虚拟语气,即“should + 动词原形”或直接使用动词原形。在现代英语中,直接使用动词原形的情况越来越常见,尤其是在口语中。

注意事项

  1. lest 从句中的 should 可以省略,但动词必须保持原形。
  2. lest 本身已含有否定意义,因此从句中不需要再使用否定词 not
  3. lest 引导的从句不能单独使用,它必须依附于一个主句。

同义表达

  • for fear that:担心……;生怕……
  • in case:以防万一(语气比 lest 稍弱,更侧重可能性而非避免)

典型例句(与同义表达的对比)

  • lest:
    • He ran fast lest he miss the train. 他跑得很快,以免错过火车。
  • for fear that:
    • He ran fast for fear that he should miss the train. 他跑得很快,生怕错过火车。
  • in case:
    • Take an umbrella in case it rains. 带把伞,以防下雨。
    • (与 lest 语境不同) He double-checked his work lest he make any errors. 他仔细核对了工作,以免出现任何错误。

spectacle

[ˈspektəkl]

n. 景象;奇观

例句

  • The sunset over the ocean was a magnificent spectacle. 海上日落的景象非常壮观。
  • The whole event was a grand spectacle. 整个活动是一场盛大的奇观。

n. 眼镜 (常用复数 spectacles)

例句

  • He took off his spectacles and polished them. 他摘下眼镜擦拭。
  • She needs a new pair of spectacles. 她需要一副新眼镜。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • spectacular adj. 壮观的;引人注目的
    • The fireworks display was truly spectacular. 烟花表演真是壮观。
  • spectacularly adv. 壮观地;引人注目地
    • The plan failed spectacularly. 这个计划彻底失败了。
  • spectator n. 观众;旁观者
    • Thousands of spectators gathered to watch the game. 数千名观众聚集观看比赛。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • a grand/magnificent spectacle (宏大/壮丽的景象)
  • make a spectacle of oneself (出洋相;引人注目)
  • wear spectacles (戴眼镜)

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • 景象/奇观:
    • sight: The view from the top of the mountain was an amazing sight. (从山顶俯瞰的景色令人惊叹。)
    • display: The flower display was stunning. (花卉展览令人惊艳。)
    • show: The air show was impressive. (航空表演令人印象深刻。)
  • 眼镜:
    • glasses: She bought new glasses yesterday. (她昨天买了新眼镜。)
    • eyeglass (较正式或复古)

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • 景象/奇观 (无直接反义词,但可以表示不引人注目或平凡的事物)
    • mundane: the mundane details of everyday life (日常生活的琐碎细节)

loom

v. 隐约出现;赫然耸现;逼近

例句

  • A dark shape loomed out of the fog. 一个黑影从雾中隐约出现。
  • The mountains loomed in the distance. 群山在远处赫然耸现。

拓展内容

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • loom ahead:即将来临,就在眼前
  • loom over:笼罩在…上空;威胁着
  • loom large:显得突出;变得严峻;构成巨大威胁 (常用于非实物,如问题、危险)

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • emerge:浮现;出现
  • appear:出现;显现
  • hover:盘旋;徘徊 (带有不确定或不祥之意)
  • menace:威胁;恐吓 (侧重威胁性)

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • recede:后退;逐渐远离
  • disappear:消失

impoverished

[ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃt]

adj. 贫困的;贫瘠的;被掏空的

例句

  • The impoverished nation struggled to feed its people. 这个贫困的国家努力养活它的人民。
  • The constant farming left the soil impoverished. 持续的耕作使土壤变得贫瘠。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • impoverish v. 使贫困;使贫瘠;掏空
    • Overgrazing can impoverish the land. 过度放牧会使土地贫瘠。
  • poverty n. 贫困;贫穷
    • Many families live in extreme poverty. 许多家庭生活在极度贫困中。

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • poor:贫穷的;可怜的 (最常用,广义)
  • destitute:赤贫的;一无所有的 (强调极端贫困,无任何财物)
  • indigent:贫困的;穷困的 (通常指因贫穷而需要帮助的人)
  • needy:贫困的;经济拮据的 (强调需要帮助)
  • depleted:耗尽的;用光的 (强调资源或活力被掏空)

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • wealthy:富裕的;有钱的
  • affluent:富裕的;富足的
  • rich:富有的;富饶的
  • prosperous:繁荣的;兴旺的

credit

[ˈkredɪt]

n. 信用;赞扬;学分;银行存款

例句

  • He’s got a good credit rating. 他的信用评级很好。
  • All the credit for the team’s success should go to the coach. 球队的所有成功都应该归功于教练。
  • She needs more credits to graduate. 她需要更多的学分才能毕业。
  • My bank account is in credit. 我的银行账户有存款。

v. 相信;把……归于;把……记入贷方

例句

  • I find that hard to credit. 我觉得那很难相信。
  • We credited him with the success of the project. 我们把这个项目的成功归功于他。
  • Your account has been credited with the refund. 退款已存入您的账户。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • creditable adj. 值得称赞的;可信的
    • It was a very creditable performance. 那是一次非常值得称赞的表演。
  • creditor n. 债权人;贷方
    • The company is trying to negotiate with its creditors. 这家公司正在努力与债权人谈判。
  • discredit v. 败坏名声;使不相信 n. 丧失名誉
    • The scandal brought discredit on the whole government. 这起丑闻让整个政府蒙羞。
    • His claims have been discredited. 他的说法已被证伪。
  • credulous adj. 轻信的;易受骗的
    • Most marketing schemes are aimed at credulous consumers. 大多数营销方案都针对那些容易上当受骗的消费者。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • credit card 信用卡
  • on credit 赊账;分期付款
  • credit crunch 信用紧缩
  • credit risk 信用风险
  • give credit to sb/sth 赞扬某人/某事
  • take credit for sth 把某事的功劳归于自己

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • n. praise, commendation, recognition, acknowledgment; trust, belief; deposit
  • v. believe, trust; attribute, ascribe; deposit

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • n. discredit, blame, fault, debt
  • v. discredit, disbelieve, doubt

backbone

[ˈbækbəʊn]

n. 脊椎;骨干;支柱;毅力

例句

  • The doctor examined the patient’s backbone. 医生检查了病人的脊椎。
  • Agriculture is the backbone of the country’s economy. 农业是这个国家经济的支柱。
  • He doesn’t have the backbone to stand up for himself. 他没有为自己挺身而出的勇气。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • backboneless adj. 没骨气的;懦弱的
    • He called the politician a backboneless coward. 他称那位政治家是没骨气的懦夫。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • the backbone of something ……的支柱/骨干
  • lack backbone 缺乏骨气/毅力

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • n. spine, spinal column; mainstay, pillar, support; grit, fortitude, resilience

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • n. weakness, cowardice

otherwise

[ˈʌðərwaɪz]

adv. 否则;不然

例句

  • You must work hard, otherwise you will fail. 你必须努力学习,否则你会失败的。
  • He is a bit shy, but otherwise he’s a nice guy. 他有点害羞,但除此之外他是个好人。

conj. 否则;不然

例句

  • He was otherwise engaged. 他另有要事。
  • You should try to be on time; otherwise, you’ll miss the beginning of the show. 你应该尽量准时;否则,你会错过演出的开始。

adj. 另样的;其他的

例句

  • The truth is quite otherwise. 事实完全不是那样。
  • It was an otherwise unremarkable day. 这本来是一个平平无奇的日子。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • otherwise engaged:另有要事;被其他事情缠住
  • otherwise known as:又名;别名
  • otherwise stated/specified:另有规定/说明

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • else (adv.):否则;另外
  • alternatively (adv.):或者;二者择一地
  • on the other hand (phrase):另一方面

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • in that case (phrase):既然那样;在这种情况下
  • consequently (adv.):因此;结果
  • as a result (phrase):结果;因此

dedicate

[ˈdedɪkeɪt]

v. 献身于;致力于

例句

  • She decided to dedicate her life to helping the poor. 她决定将自己的一生奉献给帮助穷人。
  • The doctor dedicated himself to finding a cure for cancer. 这位医生致力于寻找治疗癌症的方法。

v. 把(书、音乐等)献给

例句

  • The author dedicated the book to his wife. 作者将这本书献给了他的妻子。
  • This song is dedicated to all the healthcare workers. 这首歌献给所有的医护工作者。

v. 为(建筑物等)举行落成典礼

例句

  • The new library will be dedicated next month. 新图书馆将于下月举行落成典礼。
  • They dedicated the memorial to the war veterans. 他们为战争老兵举行了纪念碑的落成典礼。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • dedicated adj. 专注的;献身的

    • He is a dedicated teacher who cares about his students. 他是一位关心学生的敬业教师。
  • dedication n. 奉献;专注

    • Her dedication to the project was truly admirable. 她对这个项目的奉献精神令人钦佩。
  • dedicator n. 奉献者;题献者

    • The dedicator of the scholarship wished to remain anonymous. 这项奖学金的捐赠者希望保持匿名。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • dedicate oneself to 献身于
  • dedicate time to 投入时间于
  • dedicate resources to 投入资源于
  • be dedicated to 致力于
  • dedicate a book/song to 把书/歌献给

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • devote 献身于
  • commit 致力于
  • consecrate 奉献
  • assign 分配
  • allocate 分配

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • neglect 忽视
  • abandon 放弃
  • withdraw 撤回
  • withhold 保留

merger and acquisition

n. 并购;企业合并与收购

例句

  • The merger and acquisition created the world’s largest pharmaceutical company. 这次并购创建了世界上最大的制药公司。
  • Many companies use merger and acquisition strategies to expand into new markets. 许多公司使用并购策略来扩展到新市场。

基本概念区别

Merger(合并):两家或多家公司合并成一家新公司

  • The merger of the two airlines resulted in better service coverage. 两家航空公司的合并带来了更好的服务覆盖。

Acquisition(收购):一家公司购买另一家公司的控股权

  • The tech giant’s acquisition of the startup was worth $2 billion. 这家科技巨头对初创公司的收购价值 20 亿美元。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • M&A activity 并购活动
  • M&A deal 并购交易
  • hostile takeover 敌意收购
  • friendly merger 友好合并
  • due diligence 尽职调查
  • strategic acquisition 战略收购
  • vertical merger 垂直合并
  • horizontal merger 水平合并
  • consolidation n. 整合;合并

    • The industry consolidation led to fewer but larger companies. 行业整合导致公司数量减少但规模更大。
  • takeover n. 收购;接管

    • The hostile takeover attempt was unsuccessful. 敌意收购尝试没有成功。
  • buyout n. 收购;买断

    • The management buyout saved the company from bankruptcy. 管理层收购使公司免于破产。

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • corporate restructuring 企业重组
  • business combination 企业合并
  • consolidation 整合
  • takeover 收购
  • amalgamation 合并

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • divestiture 资产剥离
  • spin-off 分拆
  • demerger 分离
  • breakup 分解
  • liquidation 清算

hyper

prefix 超;过度;异常

例句

  • The hyperactive child couldn’t sit still during class. 这个过度活跃的孩子在课堂上坐不住。
  • Hypersensitive people often react strongly to criticism. 过敏的人通常对批评反应强烈。

adj. (informal) 异常兴奋的;过度活跃的

例句

  • The kids were really hyper after eating all that candy. 孩子们吃了那么多糖果后变得非常兴奋。
  • She gets hyper when she’s nervous about presentations. 她在紧张做演讲时会变得过度兴奋。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • hyperactive adj. 过度活跃的;多动的

    • Hyperactive children often have trouble concentrating in school. 多动的儿童在学校经常难以集中注意力。
  • hypersensitive adj. 过敏的;过度敏感的

    • He’s hypersensitive to any form of criticism. 他对任何形式的批评都过度敏感。
  • hyperventilate v. 换气过度;急促呼吸

    • She began to hyperventilate during the panic attack. 她在恐慌发作时开始急促呼吸。
  • hyperbole n. 夸张;夸大其词

    • His description was pure hyperbole - the fish wasn’t that big. 他的描述纯属夸张——那条鱼没有那么大。
  • hyperlink n. 超链接

    • Click on the hyperlink to access the document. 点击超链接访问文档。
  • hypertension n. 高血压

    • Regular exercise can help control hypertension. 定期锻炼有助于控制高血压。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • hyper child 过度活跃的孩子
  • get hyper 变得兴奋
  • hyper behavior 过度活跃的行为
  • hyper mode 超级模式
  • hyper aware 过度警觉的

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • overactive 过度活跃的
  • energetic 精力充沛的
  • excitable 易兴奋的
  • restless 不安的
  • animated 活跃的

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • calm 平静的
  • relaxed 放松的
  • subdued 安静的
  • lethargic 无精打采的
  • tranquil 宁静的

hype

[haɪp]

n. 大肆宣传;炒作;夸大其词的广告

例句

  • Don’t believe all the hype about this new diet - it’s not a miracle cure. 不要相信关于这种新饮食法的所有炒作——它不是灵丹妙药。
  • The movie didn’t live up to all the media hype surrounding it. 这部电影没有达到媒体大肆宣传所营造的期望。
  • There’s a lot of hype around this new smartphone launch. 围绕这款新智能手机的发布有很多炒作。

v. 大肆宣传;炒作;夸大宣传

例句

  • The company is hyping their new product as revolutionary. 这家公司正在将他们的新产品宣传为革命性的。
  • Critics accused the media of hyping the scandal. 批评者指责媒体炒作这个丑闻。
  • They’re really hyping up the concert on social media. 他们在社交媒体上大肆宣传这场音乐会。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • hyped adj. 被大肆宣传的;被炒作的

    • The hyped product failed to meet customer expectations. 这个被大肆宣传的产品未能满足客户期望。
  • hyped up adj. 兴奋的;激动的

    • The fans were all hyped up before the game started. 比赛开始前粉丝们都很兴奋。
  • overhyped adj. 过度宣传的;被过分炒作的

    • Many critics felt the film was overhyped and disappointing. 许多批评家认为这部电影被过度炒作,令人失望。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • media hype 媒体炒作
  • marketing hype 营销炒作
  • publicity hype 宣传炒作
  • believe the hype 相信炒作
  • live up to the hype 不负盛名;达到宣传效果
  • hype up 大肆宣传;炒作
  • pure hype 纯粹的炒作
  • Generate hype 制造话题;引起关注

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • publicity 宣传
  • promotion 推广
  • advertising 广告
  • propaganda 宣传
  • ballyhoo 大肆宣传
  • buzz 话题;热议
  • fanfare 大张旗鼓的宣传

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • understatement 轻描淡写
  • modesty 谦逊
  • restraint 克制
  • discretion 谨慎
  • silence 静默

注意事项

“Hype” 通常带有负面含义,暗示宣传过度或夸大其词。与 “publicity”(较中性)或 “promotion”(较正面)相比,“hype” 更多地暗示虚假或误导性的宣传。

trust

[trʌst]

n. 信托;信托基金;托拉斯

例句

  • The family set up a trust to manage their children’s inheritance. 这个家庭建立了一个信托基金来管理孩子们的遗产。
  • The antitrust laws were designed to prevent monopolistic trusts. 反垄断法旨在防止垄断性托拉斯
  • She established a charitable trust to support education. 她建立了一个慈善信托基金来支持教育事业。

n. 信任关系;信赖

例句

  • Building customer trust is essential for long-term business success. 建立客户信任对于企业长期成功至关重要。
  • The company broke the public’s trust with their misleading advertising. 该公司通过误导性广告破坏了公众的信任。
  • Trust between business partners is crucial for effective collaboration. 商业伙伴之间的信任对于有效合作至关重要。

v. 信任;委托管理

例句

  • Investors trust the bank to manage their portfolios responsibly. 投资者信任银行负责任地管理他们的投资组合。
  • The board trusted the CEO with the company’s strategic decisions. 董事会信任首席执行官处理公司的战略决策。
  • We trust our financial advisor to guide us through market volatility. 我们信任我们的财务顾问指导我们度过市场波动。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • trustee n. 受托人;托管人

    • The trustee is responsible for managing the pension fund. 受托人负责管理养老基金。
  • trustworthy adj. 值得信赖的;可靠的

    • We need a trustworthy financial institution for our investments. 我们需要一个值得信赖的金融机构进行投资。
  • entrust v. 委托;托付

    • The company entrusted the merger negotiations to their top lawyers. 公司将并购谈判委托给了他们的顶级律师。
  • fiduciary adj./n. 信托的;受托人

    • Financial advisors have a fiduciary duty to act in their clients’ best interests. 财务顾问有信托义务为客户的最佳利益行事。
  • antitrust adj. 反垄断的

    • The government launched an antitrust investigation into the tech giant. 政府对这家科技巨头展开了反垄断调查。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • trust fund 信托基金
  • investment trust 投资信托
  • unit trust 单位信托
  • blind trust 盲信托
  • charitable trust 慈善信托
  • breach of trust 违背信托
  • trust deed 信托契约
  • trust company 信托公司
  • consumer trust 消费者信任
  • brand trust 品牌信任
  • breach trust 违背信任
  • earn trust 赢得信任
  • build trust 建立信任

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • confidence 信心
  • faith 信念
  • reliance 依赖
  • credibility 可信度
  • integrity 诚信
  • reliability 可靠性

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • distrust 不信任
  • suspicion 怀疑
  • doubt 疑虑
  • mistrust 不信任

注意事项

在商业语境中,“trust” 不仅指情感上的信任,还具有法律意义,如信托关系中受托人对委托人负有法定义务。违反商业信任可能导致法律后果。

figure

[ˈfɪɡər]

n. 数字;人物;身材

例句

  • The unemployment figure has risen to 8%. 失业率已上升到 8%。
  • She’s an important figure in the art world. 她是艺术界的重要人物。
  • She has a beautiful figure. 她身材很美。

v. 认为;计算;出现

例句

  • I figure we’ll arrive around noon. 我估计我们中午左右到达。
  • Can you figure out this math problem? 你能解出这道数学题吗?
  • His name figures prominently in the report. 他的名字在报告中频繁出现。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • figurative adj. 比喻的;象征的

    • The poem uses figurative language. 这首诗使用了比喻语言。
  • configuration n. 配置;结构

    • The software allows different configurations. 这个软件允许不同的配置。
  • disfigure v. 毁容;损坏外观

    • The accident disfigured his face. 事故毁了他的容貌。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • figure out 弄清楚;解决
  • key figure 关键人物
  • public figure 公众人物
  • figure skating 花样滑冰
  • sales figures 销售数据
  • round figure 整数

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • number (数字)
  • person (人物)
  • shape (身材)
  • calculate (计算)
  • think (认为)

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • letter (相对于数字而言)
  • nobody (相对于重要人物而言)
  • misunderstand (相对于 figure out 而言)

detrimental

[ˌdetrɪˈmentl]

adj. 有害的;不利的

例句

  • Smoking is detrimental to your health.

    吸烟对你的健康有害。

  • Their decision could be detrimental to the future of the company.

    他们的决定可能对公司的未来不利。

  • The policy will have a detrimental effect on the environment.

    这项政策将对环境产生有害影响。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • detriment n. 损害;危害;不利因素
    • He works long hours to the detriment of his health.

      他长时间工作,损害了健康。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • be detrimental to something 对…有害
  • have a detrimental effect/impact on something 对…有负面影响
  • seriously/highly/extremely detrimental 极其有害的

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • harmful
  • damaging
  • injurious
  • prejudicial

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • beneficial
  • helpful
  • advantageous
  • favorable

remain

[rɪˈmeɪn](英式)/ [rɪˈmen](美式)

v.(实义动词) 剩余;遗留

例句

  • Little remained of the village after the earthquake. 地震过后,村庄所剩无几。

linking v.(系动词) 仍然是;保持不变;继续存在

后接形容词、名词、分词或介词短语,表示状态持续。 例句

  • Despite the difficulties, she remained optimistic. 尽管有困难,她仍然保持乐观。
  • The museum will remain closed until further notice. 该博物馆将继续关闭,直至另行通知。
  • He remained president for ten years. 他当了十年总裁。
  • The question remains unanswered. 这个问题仍然没有答案。

v.(不及物动词) 逗留;留下

例句

  • We remained in the hotel during the storm. 暴风雨期间我们一直待在酒店里。

注意事项

不要混淆 linking verb 用法和 intransitive verb 用法。作系动词时:

  • 必须接表语(形容词、名词、介词短语、分词等)描述主语的状态。
  • 不能接副词修饰。(错误: × They remained silently.)
  • 没有进行时态。(错误: × He is remaining calm.)

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • remaining adj. 剩余的;留下的
    • The remaining food was donated. 剩下的食物被捐赠了。
  • remains n. (pl.) 剩余物;残骸;遗迹
    • Archaeologists discovered ancient remains. 考古学家发现了古代遗迹。
  • remainder n. 剩余部分;剩下的人(物)
    • He spent the remainder of his life abroad. 他在国外度过了余生。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • Remain silent/seated/unmoved/unchanged/calm/open/active/critical/cautious/optimistic/uncertain/stagnant
  • Little/nothing much/only something remains…
  • Looking at the facts that remain…
  • History remains to be seen.

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • (linking v.) stay, continue (to be), persist (in being)
  • (v. stay) stay behind, linger, tarry (literary)
  • (v. be left) be left over, survive, endure, persist

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • (linking v.) cease to be, stop being, become different, change
  • (v. stay) leave, depart, go away, move on
  • (v. be left) vanish, disappear, perish, end

infringe

[ɪnˈfrɪndʒ](英式;美式发音类似)

v.t.(及物动词) 侵犯;违反

指主动违反法律、规则、权利等,通常直接接受词(后接名词或宾语)。 例句:

  • The company infringed copyright laws by copying music illegally. 该公司通过非法复制音乐侵犯了版权法。
  • He was fined for infringing the trademark protection. 他因违反商标保护规定被处以罚款。

v.i. with preposition(不及物动词,与介词连用)常用于 infringe on/upon 侵害;妨碍

表示对权利、自由或边界施加不当影响,需后接介词 onupon 引导宾语。 例句:

  • New regulations may infringe on personal freedoms. 新规定可能会侵害个人自由。
  • Building the wall could infringe upon their land rights. 建造围墙可能侵犯他们的土地权。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • infringement n. 侵犯行为;违反
    • The lawsuit accuses them of trademark infringement. 诉讼指控他们实施了商标侵犯。
  • infringer n. 侵权人
    • Copyright infringers often face heavy penalties. 版权侵权人常面临重罚。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • Infringe a law/rule/copyright/patent(违反法律/规则/版权/专利): Always consult a lawyer to avoid infringing intellectual property rights.
  • Infringe on/upon rights/privacy/freedom/demand/personal space(侵犯权利/隐私/自由/要求/个人空间): Don’t let anyone infringe on your basic freedoms.
  • Seriously/flagrantly infringe(严重/公然侵犯)
  • Risk/Suspect infringement(存在侵犯风险/嫌疑)

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • Violate(违反;强调严重性): Violating the contract led to termination.
  • Breach(打破;常用于正式协议): Breaching the treaty could cause international tensions.
  • Encroach (upon)(蚕食;逐步侵入): Tourist developments encroach upon local wildlife areas.
  • Transgress(越界;含道德意味): Transgressing company policies may result in disciplinary action.

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • Observe(遵守): Companies must observe safety regulations during production.
  • Uphold(维护): Courts should uphold constitutional principles at all times.
  • Abide by(遵从): He always abides by the code of conduct without exception.
  • Respect(尊重): It’s essential to respect others’ privacy online.

注意事项

使用介词时必须注意:

  • 作为及物动词时,不可添加介词。(错误:× Infringe on the rules;正确:✓ Infringe the rules)
  • 作不及物动词时只适用于 infringe on/upon 结构。(错误:× Infringe the rights;正确:✓ Infringe on the rights)
  • 避免混淆同义词:infringe 常用于法律语境,而 encroach 多指物理或范围上的侵占。

lateral

[ˈlætərəl](英式;美式发音类似)

adj. (形容词) 横向的;侧向的;周边的

描述位置或方向垂直于中心轴或主干线;常用于物理、解剖或工程领域。 例句:

  • The MRI scan showed swelling on the lateral side of the knee. 核磁共振扫描显示膝盖侧面有肿胀。
  • Lateral movement in tennis requires quick footwork. 网球中的横向移动需要快速的步法。
  • 谚语警示: Lateral thinking can solve complex problems—consider alternate angles! 横向思考能解决复杂问题——从不同角度考虑!

n. (名词) 侧面;侧向部分;语言学中的边音

包括构图的侧部、工程结构的分支,或发音器官侧面气流产生的辅音(如 “L”)。 例句:

  • In linguistics, a lateral is sounded with airflow through the sides of the tongue (e.g., the ‘l’ in “light”). 在语言学中,边音是通过舌头侧面气流发出的音(例如 “light” 中的 “l”)。
  • The mountain’s eastern lateral was covered in thick forest. 这座山的东侧被茂密森林覆盖。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • bilateral adj. 双边的;两侧的
    • Beyond being side-focused, bilateral implies mutual involvement: “The treaty fostered bilateral cooperation between countries.” 该条约促进了国家间的双边合作。(核心点:加粗跨领域用例)
  • unilateral adj. 单边的;一方的
    • “The company took unilateral action to reduce costs.” 公司采取了单边行动削减成本。
  • collateral adj. n. 平行的;附属的;担保品
    • “The loan required valuable collateral as security.” 该贷款要求有价值的担保品
  • multilateral adj. 多边的
    • “They reached a multilateral agreement involving five nations.” 他们达成了一项涉及五国的多边协议。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • Lateral movement/reasoning/orientation/view(横向移动/思考/定向/视角): Foster lateral thinking to brainstorm creative solutions in meetings.
  • Lateral surface/branch/inner ear(侧面/分支/内耳): The engineer analyzed the lateral surface for structural flaws.
  • Perform a lateral(做出侧向动作): In football, pivoting for a lateral pass distracts defenders.

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • Sideways(横向的):The car drifted sideways on the icy road.
  • Flanking侧翼的(军事语境):Position troops to secure flanking protection.
  • Adjacent邻近的(侧重位置):Maintain adjacent lanes during the merge.

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • Vertical(垂直的):The climber scaled the vertical rock face.
  • Central(中心的);Longitudinal(纵向的):Star topology relies on central nodes for stability; longitudinal analysis tracks trends over time.

注意事项

区分侧重领域:

  • Lateral 在医疗/科学中常描述位置(如 lateral incision),在商业中暗示创新路径(如 lateral move to a new role)。
  • Bilateral 专指双向互动(bilateral trade),避免与 unilateral(单方行为)混用: ✓ bilateral agreement (正确诠释区域影响)。 拼写警惕: 勿错误拼写为 “laternal” 或 “bilaterial”—常见于非母语习作(错误率≥15% 在 A2 级考生)。

redundancy

[rɪˈdʌndənsi]

n. 冗余;多余;裁员

例句:

  • The new software has reduced data redundancy significantly. 新软件显著减少了数据冗余。
  • A hundred workers faced redundancy after the company downsized. 公司裁员后,一百名工人面临失业。
  • Redundancy in language can sometimes aid understanding, but often leads to verbosity. 语言中的冗余有时有助于理解,但常导致啰嗦。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • redundant adj. 多余的;冗余的;被裁员的
    • She was made redundant during the restructuring phase. 在重组阶段,她被裁员了。
    • The redundant backups consumed excessive storage space. 多余的备份消耗了过多存储空间。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • announce/impose redundancies
  • eliminate/reduce redundancy
  • data/structural redundancy
  • face/avoid redundancy

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • surplus
  • excess
  • duplication
  • superfluity

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • necessity
  • essentiality
  • efficiency (in context of resource use)

sympathy

[ˈsɪmpəθi]

n. 同情;同情心

例句

  • I have great sympathy for her in her illness. 我非常同情她的病。
  • She felt no sympathy for him. 她对他毫无同情。

n. 赞同;支持

例句

  • I have a lot of sympathy with the idea. 我非常赞同这个想法。
  • He won the sympathy of the public. 他赢得了公众的支持。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • sympathetic adj. 同情的;有同情心的;赞同的
    • She was very sympathetic to my situation. 她对我的处境非常同情。
  • sympathize v. 同情;赞同;支持
    • I sympathize with your feelings. 我同情你的感受。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • express sympathy 表达同情
  • feel sympathy for 同情某人
  • win sympathy 赢得同情/支持
  • have sympathy with 赞同;支持

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • compassion (强调深切的同情和怜悯)
  • pity (有时指带有轻蔑或优越感的同情,但也可表示纯粹的同情)
  • understanding (强调理解他人的感受或处境)

address

[əˈdres]

n. 地址

例句

  • What’s your address? 你的地址是什么?
  • Please write your name and address clearly. 请清晰地写下你的姓名和地址。

n. 演说;致辞

例句

  • The president delivered a powerful address to the nation. 总统向全国发表了强有力的演说。
  • He made a short address at the meeting. 他在会议上作了一个简短的致辞。

v. 寄信;写地址

例句

  • I addressed the letter to her home. 我把信寄到她家了。
  • Please make sure you address the package correctly. 请确保你正确地填写包裹地址。

v. 称呼

例句

  • He addressed her as “Ms. Smith.” 他称呼她为“史密斯女士”。
  • How should I address the dean? 我该如何称呼院长?

v. 处理;着手解决

例句

  • We need to address the problem immediately. 我们需立即处理这个问题。
  • The government is trying to address the issue of unemployment. 政府正在努力解决失业问题。

常见搭配 (Collocations)

  • postal address 邮政地址
  • email address 电子邮件地址
  • keynote address 主旨演讲
  • address an issue/problem 处理问题
  • address a crowd 向人群讲话
  • address oneself to 致力于;处理

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • for ‘speech/talk’: speech, lecture, discourse, talk
  • for ‘deal with/handle’: tackle, deal with, handle, confront, manage

disparaging

[dɪˈspærɪdʒɪŋ]

adj. 贬低的;轻蔑的

例句

  • He made some disparaging remarks about her acting. 他对她的演技发表了一些贬低的言论。
  • She received a disparaging review of her latest novel. 她最新小说收到了一个贬低的评论。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • disparage v. 贬低;轻视
    • It’s wrong to disparage someone’s efforts. 贬低别人的努力是不对的。
  • disparagement n. 贬低;轻视
    • His constant disparagement of others made him unpopular. 他不断地贬低别人,这让他不受欢迎。

同义词 (Synonyms)

  • derogatory (贬低的,不敬的)
  • contemptuous (轻蔑的,蔑视的)
  • belittling (贬低的,轻视的)
  • deprecating (贬低的,反对的)

反义词 (Antonyms)

  • praising (赞扬的)
  • complimentary (赞美的,称赞的)
  • laudatory (赞美的,颂扬的)

” 处理 ” 相关的词

cope with

v. phr. 处理;应付

例句

  • It must be extremely difficult to cope with three small children and a job. 要应付三个小孩一份工作,一定难上加难。
  • I can’t cope with all this paperwork. 我处理不了这些文书工作。

deal with

v. phr. 处理;解决;应对

例句

  • She is used to dealing with difficult customers. 她习惯了与难缠的顾客打交道。
  • How do you deal with stress? 你如何应对压力?

address

v. 处理;解决;应对(问题、挑战等)

例句

  • The government is trying to address the problem of unemployment. 政府正在努力解决失业问题。
  • We need to address these issues urgently. 我们需要紧急处理这些问题。

handle

v. 处理;操作;应付

例句

  • He handles his responsibilities very well. 他很好地处理自己的职责。
  • Can you handle this situation? 你能处理这种情况吗?

solve

v. 解决(问题、难题、谜团等)

例句

  • We need to find a way to solve this problem. 我们需要找到解决这个问题的方法。
  • The police are trying to solve the mystery. 警方正在努力解开这个谜团。

grapple with

v. phr. 努力应对;设法处理(难题或困境)

例句

  • The government has to grapple with the problem of unemployment. 政府必须努力应对失业问题。
  • He grappled with the difficult questions during the exam. 他在考试中努力应对那些难题。

cunning

adj. 狡猾的;诡计多端的 n. 狡猾;诡计

例句

  • He was a cunning old man. 他是个狡猾的老头。
  • The fox is a cunning animal. 狐狸是一种狡猾的动物。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • cunningly adv. 狡猾地;巧妙地
    • He cunningly avoided answering the question directly. 他狡猾地避免直接回答问题。
  • con artist n. 骗子;诈骗犯
    • He was tricked by a con artist. 他被一个骗子骗了。

compel

[kəmˈpel]

v. 强迫;迫使

例句

  • The law will compel employers to provide health insurance. 这项法律将迫使雇主提供医疗保险。
  • His conscience compelled him to tell the truth. 他的良心驱使他讲出真相。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • compulsion n. 强制;冲动
    • She felt a sudden compulsion to confess. 她突然有一种想坦白的冲动。
  • compulsory adj. 强制的;义务的
    • English is a compulsory subject at our school. 英语是我们学校的必修课。

mechanical

[məˈkænɪkl]

adj. 机械的;力学的;机械般的

例句

  • The car has a mechanical problem. 这辆车有机械故障。
  • He gave a mechanical nod without really listening. 他机械地点了点头,并没有真正在听。
  • The process of writing involves both creative and mechanical skills. 写作过程既需要创造性技能,也需要机械性技能。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • mechanic n. 机械师;技工
    • We took the car to a mechanic for repairs. 我们把车送到了机械师那里修理。
  • mechanically adv. 机械地;呆板地
    • He replied mechanically, without thinking. 他机械地回答,没有经过思考。
  • mechanism n. 机制;机械装置
    • The mechanism of the clock is very delicate. 这个钟的机械装置非常精密。
  • mechanize v. 使机械化
    • The farm was fully mechanized. 这个农场完全实现了机械化。

permissible

[pərˈmɪsəbl]

adj. 可允许的;许可的

例句

  • Is it permissible to smoke in here? 这里允许吸烟吗?
  • The new rules make it permissible to use mobile phones during the exam. 新规定允许在考试期间使用手机。

词族扩展 (Word Family)

  • permit v. 允许;准许
    • The law permits the sale of alcohol on Sundays. 法律允许在周日销售酒精。
  • permit n. 许可证;执照
    • Do you have a permit to build that extension? 你有建造那个扩建部分的许可证吗?
  • permission n. 允许;许可
    • You need to get permission from your parents. 你需要得到父母的允许。